Difference between revisions of "Affinity of reaction"
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:::# Cohen ER, Cvitas T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor HL (2008) Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. IUPAC Green Book 3rd Edition, 2nd Printing, IUPAC & RSC Publishing, Cambridge. - [[Cohen 2008 IUPAC Green Book |»Bioblast link«]] | :::# Cohen ER, Cvitas T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor HL (2008) Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. IUPAC Green Book 3rd Edition, 2nd Printing, IUPAC & RSC Publishing, Cambridge. - [[Cohen 2008 IUPAC Green Book |»Bioblast link«]] | ||
:::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger 1993 Pure Appl Chem |»Bioblast link«]] | :::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger 1993 Pure Appl Chem |»Bioblast link«]] | ||
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:::# De Donder T, Van Rysselberghe P (1936) Thermodynamic theory of affinity: a book of principles. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press:144 pp. | :::# De Donder T, Van Rysselberghe P (1936) Thermodynamic theory of affinity: a book of principles. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press:144 pp. | ||
:::# Prigogine I (1967) Introduction to thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Interscience New York, 3rd ed:147 pp. - [[Prigogine 1967 Interscience |»Bioblast link«]] | :::# Prigogine I (1967) Introduction to thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Interscience New York, 3rd ed:147 pp. - [[Prigogine 1967 Interscience |»Bioblast link«]] | ||
{{MitoPedia concepts | |||
|mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics | |||
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Revision as of 20:38, 27 December 2018
- high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution
Affinity of reaction
Description
According to the IUPAC definition, the affinity of reaction, A [J/mol], equals the negative molar Gibbs energy of reaction [1] or negative Gibbs force of reaction [2]. The concept of affinity and hence chemical force is deeply rooted in the notion of attraction (and repulsion) of alchemy, and is seen as a key inspiration for Newton in his development of the concept of the gravitational force [3, 4]. Correspondingly, Lavoisier (1790) equates affinity and force: “... the degree of force or affinity with which the acid adheres to the base” ([5], where this historical connection remains unrecognized). By discussing the influence of electricity and gravity on chemical affinity, Liebig (1844) considers affinity as a force [6]. This lead to Guldberg and Waage's mass action ratio ('Studies concerning affinity', 1864; see [5]) and chemical thermodynamics of irreversible processes [7], where flux-force relations are center stage [8]. The historical understanding of affinity may lead to the conclusion, that today affinity should be considered as an isomorphic force, and be generalized as such without confusing changes of signs.
Abbreviation: A
Reference: Cohen 2008 IUPAC Green Book
References
- Cohen ER, Cvitas T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor HL (2008) Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. IUPAC Green Book 3rd Edition, 2nd Printing, IUPAC & RSC Publishing, Cambridge. - »Bioblast link«
- Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - »Bioblast link«
- Dobbs BJT (1975) The foundations of Newton's alchemy or "The hunting of the Greene Lyon". Reissued as a paperback 1983. Cambridge Univ Press Cambridge:300 pp. - »Bioblast link«
- White M (1997) Isaak Newton. The last sorcerer. Fourth Estate, London 402 pp. - »Bioblast link«
- Raffa RB, Tallarida RJ (2010) ‘Affinity’: historical development in chemistry and pharmacology. Bull Hist Chem 35:7-16. - »Bioblast link«
- Liebig J (1844) Influence of heat, light, electricity, and gravity on chemical affinity. Lancet 8:209-11. - »Bioblast link«
- De Donder T, Van Rysselberghe P (1936) Thermodynamic theory of affinity: a book of principles. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press:144 pp.
- Prigogine I (1967) Introduction to thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Interscience New York, 3rd ed:147 pp. - »Bioblast link«
MitoPedia concepts:
Ergodynamics
