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[[File:BEC-exlibris.png|right|290px|Bioenergetics Communications|link=https://www.bioenergetics-communications.org/index.php/bec/index]]
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[[File:CA15203MitoEAGLE.png|right|280px|link=http://www.mitoeagle.org/index.php/MitoEAGLE|CA15203 MitoEAGLE]]
: <big><big><big>'''Mitochondrial physiology'''</big></big></big>
{{Publication
|title=Gnaiger Erich et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1:44 pp. [[doi:10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v1]]
|info=[[File:OpenAccess-downloadPDF.png|240px|link=https://wiki.oroboros.at/images/2/2a/BEC_2020.1_doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1.pdf |BEC 2020.1 pdf]] — ''Published online:'' 2020-May-20<br /><br />
|authors=''Author affiliations in hyperlinks:'', Gnaiger Erich, Aasander Frostner Eleonor, Abdul Karim Norwahidah, Abdel-Rahman Engy Ali, Abumrad Nada A, Acuna-Castroviejo Dario, Adiele Reginald C, Ahn Bumsoo, Alencar Mayke Bezerra, Ali Sameh S, Almeida Angeles, Alton Lesley, Alves Marco G, Amati Francesca, Amoedo Nivea Dias, Amorim Ricardo, Anderson Ethan J, Andreadou Ioanna, Antunes Diana, Arago Marc, Aral Cenk, Arandarcikaite Odeta, Arias-Reyes Christian, Armand Anne-Sophie, Arnould Thierry, Avram Vlad F, Axelrod Christopher L, Bailey Damian M, Bairam Aida, Bajpeyi Sudip, Bajzikova Martina, Bakker Barbara M, Banni Aml, Bardal Tora, Barlow J, Bastos Sant'Anna Silva Ana Carolina, Batterson Philip M, Battino Maurizio, Bazil Jason N, Beard Daniel A, Bednarczyk Piotr, Beleza Jorge, Bello Fiona, Ben-Shachar Dorit, Bento Guida Jose Freitas, Bergdahl Andreas, Berge Rolf K, Bergmeister Lisa, Bernardi Paolo, Berridge Michael V, Bettinazzi Stefano, Bishop David J, Blier Pierre U, Blindheim Dan Filip, Boardman Neoma T, Boetker Hans Erik, Borchard Sabine, Boros Mihaly, Borsheim Elisabet, Borras Consuelo, Borutaite Vilma, Botella Javier, Bouillaud Frederic, Bouitbir Jamal, Boushel Robert C, Bovard Josh, Bravo-Sagua Roberto, Breton Sophie, Brown David A, Brown Guy C, Brown Robert Andrew, Brozinick Joseph T, Buettner Garry R, Burtscher Johannes, Bustos Matilde, Calabria Elisa, Calbet Jose AL, Calzia Enrico, Cannon Daniel T, Cano Sanchez Maria Consolacion, Canto Alvarez Carles, Cardinale Daniele A, Cardoso Luiza HD, Carvalho Eugenia, Casado Pinna Marta, Cassar Samantha, Castelo Rueda Maria Paulina, Castilho Roger F, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque Joao Paulo, Cecatto Cristiane, Celen Murat C, Cervinkova Zuzana, Chabi Beatrice, Chakrabarti Lisa, Chakrabarti Sasanka, Chaurasia Bhagirath, Chen Quan, Chicco Adam J, Chinopoulos Christos, Chowdhury Subir Kumar, Cizmarova Beata, Clementi Emilio, Coen Paul M, Cohen Bruce H, Coker Robert H, Collin-Chenot Anne, Coughlan Melinda T, Coxito Pedro, Crisostomo Luis, Crispim Marcell, Crossland Hannah, Dahdah Norma Ramon, Dalgaard Louise T, Dambrova Maija, Danhelovska Tereza, Darveau Charles-A, Darwin Paula M, Das Anibh Martin, Dash Ranjan K, Davidova Eliska, Davis Michael S, Dayanidhi Sudarshan, De Bem Andreza Fabro, De Goede Paul, De Palma Clara, De Pinto Vito, Dela Flemming, Dembinska-Kiec Aldona, Detraux Damien, Devaux Yvan, Di Marcello Marco, Di Paola Floriana Jessica, Dias Candida, Dias Tania R, Diederich Marc, Distefano Giovanna, Djafarzadeh Siamak, Doermann Niklas, Doerrier Carolina, Dong Lan-Feng, Donnelly Chris, Drahota Zdenek, Duarte Filipe Valente, Dubouchaud Herve, Duchen Michael R, Dumas Jean-Francois, Durham William J, Dymkowska Dorota, Dyrstad Sissel E, Dyson Alex, Dzialowski Edward M, Eaton Simon, Ehinger Johannes K, Elmer Eskil, Endlicher Rene, Engin Ayse Basak, Escames Germaine, Evinova Andrea, Ezrova Zuzana, Falk Marni J, Fell David A, Ferdinandy Peter, Ferko Miroslav, Fernandez-Ortiz Marisol, Fernandez-Vizarra Erika, Ferreira Julio Cesar B, Ferreira Rita Maria P, Ferri Alessandra, Fessel Joshua Patrick, Festuccia William T, Filipovska Aleksandra, Fisar Zdenek, Fischer Christine, Fischer Michael J, Fisher Gordon, Fisher Joshua J, Fontanesi Flavia, Forbes-Hernandez Tamara Y, Ford Ellen, Fornaro Mara, Fuertes Agudo Marina, Fulton Montana, Galina Antonio, Galkin Alexander, Gallee Leon, Galli Gina L J, Gama Perez Pau, Gan Zhenji, Ganetzky Rebecca, Gao Yun, Garcia Geovana S, Garcia-Rivas Gerardo, Garcia-Roves Pablo Miguel, Garcia-Souza Luiz F, Garlid Keith D, Garrabou Gloria, Garten Antje, Gastaldelli Amalia, Gayen Jiaur, Genders Amanda J, Genova Maria Luisa, Giampieri Francesca, Giovarelli Matteo, Glatz Jan FC, Goikoetxea Usandizaga Naroa, Goncalo Teixeira da Silva Rui, Goncalves Debora Farina, Gonzalez-Armenta Jenny L, Gonzalez-Franquesa Alba, Gonzalez-Freire Marta, Gonzalo Hugo, Goodpaster Bret H, Gorr Thomas A, Gourlay Campbell W, Grams Bente, Granata Cesare, Grefte Sander, Grilo Luis, Guarch Meritxell Espino, Gueguen Naig, Gumeni Sentiljana, Haas Clarissa, Haavik Jan, Hachmo Yafit, Haendeler Judith, Haider Markus, Hajrulahovic Anesa, Hamann Andrea, Han Jin, Han Woo Hyun, Hancock Chad R, Hand Steven C, Handl Jiri, Hansikova Hana, Hardee Justin P, Hargreaves Iain P, Harper Mary-Ellen, Harrison David K, Hassan Hazirah, Hatokova Zuzana, Hausenloy Derek J, Heales Simon JR, Hecker Matthias, Heiestad Christina, Hellgren Kim T, Henrique Alexandrino, Hepple Russell T, Hernansanz-Agustin Pablo, Hewakapuge Sudinna, Hickey Anthony J, Ho Dieu Hien, Hoehn Kyle L, Hoel Fredrik, Holland Olivia J, Holloway Graham P, Holzner Lorenz, Hoppel Charles L, Hoppel Florian, Hoppeler Hans, Houstek Josef, Huete-Ortega Maria, Hyrossova Petra, Iglesias-Gonzalez Javier, Indiveri Cesare, Irving Brian A, Isola Raffaella, Iyer Shilpa, Jackson Christopher Benjamin, Jadiya Pooja, Jana Prado Fabian, Jandeleit-Dahm Karin, Jang David H, Jang Young Charles, Janowska Joanna, Jansen Kirsten M, Jansen-Duerr Pidder, Jansone Baiba, Jarmuszkiewicz Wieslawa, Jaskiewicz Anna, Jaspers Richard T, Jedlicka Jan, Jerome Estaquier, Jespersen Nichlas Riise, Jha Rajan Kumar, Jones John G, Joseph Vincent, Juhasz Laszlo, Jurczak Michael J, Jurk Diana, Jusic Amela, Kaambre Tuuli, Kaczor Jan Jacek, Kainulainen Heikki, Kampa Rafal Pawel, Kandel Sunil Mani, Kane Daniel A, Kapferer Werner, Kapnick Senta, Kappler Lisa, Karabatsiakis Alexander, Karavaeva Iuliia, Karkucinska-Wieckowska Agnieszka, Kaur Sarbjot, Keijer Jaap, Keller Markus A, Keppner Gloria, Khamoui Andy V, Kidere Dita, Kilbaugh Todd, Kim Hyoung Kyu, Kim Julian KS, Kimoloi Sammy, Klepinin Aleksandr, Klepinina Lyudmila, Klingenspor Martin, Klocker Helmut, Kolassa Iris, Komlodi Timea, Koopman Werner JH, Kopitar-Jerala Natasa, Kowaltowski Alicia J, Kozlov Andrey V, Krajcova Adela, Krako Jakovljevic Nina, Kristal Bruce S, Krycer James R, Kuang Jujiao, Kucera Otto, Kuka Janis, Kwak Hyo Bum, Kwast Kurt E, Kwon Oh Sung, Laasmaa Martin, Labieniec-Watala Magdalena, Lagarrigue Sylviane, Lai Nicola, Lalic Nebojsa M, Land John M, Lane Nick, Laner Verena, Lanza Ian R, Laouafa Sofien, Laranjinha Joao, Larsen Steen, Larsen Terje S, Lavery Gareth G, Lazou Antigone, Ledo Ana Margarida, Lee Hong Kyu, Leeuwenburgh Christiaan, Lehti Maarit, Lemieux Helene, Lenaz Giorgio, Lerfall Joergen, Li Pingan Andy, Li Puma Lance, Liang Liping, Liepins Edgars, Lin Chien-Te, Liu Jiankang, Lopez Garcia Luis Carlos, Lucchinetti Eliana, Ma Tao, Macedo Maria Paula, Machado Ivo F, Maciej Sarah, MacMillan-Crow Lee Ann, Magalhaes Jose, Magri Andrea, Majtnerova Pavlina, Makarova Elina, Makrecka-Kuka Marina, Malik Afshan N, Marcouiller Francois, Marechal Amandine, Markova Michaela, Markovic Ivanka, Martin Daniel S, Martins Ana Dias, Martins Joao D, Maseko Tumisang Edward, Maull Felicia, Mazat Jean-Pierre, McKenna Helen T, McKenzie Matthew, McMillan Duncan GG, McStay Gavin P, Mendham Amy, Menze Michael A, Mercer John R, Merz Tamara, Messina Angela, Meszaros Andras, Methner Axel, Michalak Slawomir, Mila Guasch Maria, Minuzzi Luciele M, Misirkic Marjanovic Maja, Moellering Douglas R, Moisoi Nicoleta, Molina Anthony JA, Montaigne David, Moore Anthony L, Moore Christy, Moreau Kerrie, Moreira Bruno P, Moreno-Sanchez Rafael, Mracek Tomas, Muccini Anna Maria, Munro Daniel, Muntane Jordi, Muntean Danina M, Murray Andrew James, Musiol Eva, Nabben Miranda, Nair K Sreekumaran, Nehlin Jan O, Nemec Michal, Nesci Salvatore, Neufer P Darrell, Neuzil Jiri, Neviere Remi, Newsom Sean A, Norman Jennifer, Nozickova Katerina, Nunes Sara, Nuoffer Jean-Marc, O'Brien Kristin, O'Brien Katie A, O'Gorman Donal, Olgar Yusuf, Oliveira Ben, Oliveira Jorge, Oliveira Marcus F, Oliveira Marcos Tulio, Oliveira Pedro Fontes, Oliveira Paulo J, Olsen Rolf Erik, Orynbayeva Zulfiya, Osiewacz Heinz D, Paez Hector, Pak Youngmi Kim, Pallotta Maria Luigia, Palmeira Carlos, Parajuli Nirmala, Passos Joao F, Passrugger Manuela, Patel Hemal H, Pavlova Nadia, Pavlovic Kasja, Pecina Petr, Pedersen Tina M, Perales Jose Carles, Pereira da Silva Grilo da Silva Filomena, Pereira Rita, Pereira Susana P, Perez Valencia Juan Alberto, Perks Kara L, Pesta Dominik, Petit Patrice X, Pettersen Nitschke Ina Katrine, Pichaud Nicolas, Pichler Irene, Piel Sarah, Pietka Terri A, Pinho Sonia A, Pino Maria F, Pirkmajer Sergej, Place Nicolas, Plangger Mario, Porter Craig, Porter Richard K, Preguica Ines, Prigione Alessandro, Procaccio Vincent, Prochownik Edward V, Prola Alexandre, Pulinilkunnil Thomas, Puskarich Michael A, Puurand Marju, Radenkovic Filip, Ramzan Rabia, Rattan Suresh IS, Reano Simone, Reboredo-Rodriguez Patricia, Rees Bernard B, Renner-Sattler Kathrin, Rial Eduardo, Robinson Matthew M, Roden Michael, Rodrigues Ana Sofia, Rodriguez Enrique, Rodriguez-Enriquez Sara, Roesland Gro Vatne, Rohlena Jakub, Rolo Anabela Pinto, Ropelle Eduardo R, Roshanravan Baback, Rossignol Rodrigue, Rossiter Harry B, Rousar Tomas, Rubelj Ivica, Rybacka-Mossakowska Joanna, Saada Reisch Ann, Safaei Zahra, Salin Karine, Salvadego Desy, Sandi Carmen, Saner Nicholas, Santos Diana, Sanz Alberto, Sardao Vilma, Sarlak Saharnaz, Sazanov Leonid A, Scaife Paula, Scatena Roberto, Schartner Melanie, Scheibye-Knudsen Morten, Schilling Jan M, Schlattner Uwe, Schmitt Sabine, Schneider Gasser Edith Mariane, Schoenfeld Peter, Schots Pauke C, Schulz Rainer, Schwarzer Christoph, Scott Graham R, Selman Colin, Sendon Pamella Marie, Shabalina Irina G, Sharma Pushpa, Sharma Vipin, Shevchuk Igor, Shirazi Reza, Shiroma Jonathan G, Siewiera Karolina, Silber Ariel Mariano, Silva Ana Maria, Sims Carrie A, Singer Dominique, Singh Brijesh Kumar, Skolik Robert A, Smenes Benedikte Therese, Smith James, Soares Felix Alexandre Antunes, Sobotka Ondrej, Sokolova Inna, Solesio Maria E, Soliz Jorge, Sommer Natascha, Sonkar Vijay K, Sova Marina, Sowton Alice P, Sparagna Genevieve C, Sparks Lauren M, Spinazzi Marco, Stankova Pavla, Starr Jonathan, Stary Creed, Stefan Eduard, Stelfa Gundega, Stepto Nigel K, Stevanovic Jelena, Stiban Johnny, Stier Antoine, Stocker Roland, Storder Julie, Sumbalova Zuzana, Suomalainen Anu, Suravajhala Prashanth, Svalbe Baiba, Swerdlow Russell H, Swiniuch Daria, Szabo Ildiko, Szewczyk Adam, Szibor Marten, Tanaka Masashi, Tandler Bernard, Tarnopolsky Mark A, Tausan Daniel, Tavernarakis Nektarios, Teodoro Joao Soeiro, Tepp Kersti, Thakkar Himani, Thapa Maheshwor, Thyfault John P, Tomar Dhanendra, Ton Riccardo, Torp May-Kristin, Torres-Quesada Omar, Towheed Atif, Treberg Jason R, Tretter Laszlo, Trewin Adam J, Trifunovic Aleksandra, Trivigno Catherine, Tronstad Karl Johan, Trougakos Ioannis P, Truu Laura, Tuncay Erkan, Turan Belma, Tyrrell Daniel J, Urban Tomas, Urner Sofia, Valentine Joseph Marco, Van Bergen Nicole J, Van der Ende Miranda, Varricchio Frederick, Vaupel Peter, Vella Joanna, Vendelin Marko, Vercesi Anibal E, Verdaguer Ignasi Bofill, Vernerova Andrea, Victor Victor Manuel, Vieira Ligo Teixeira Camila, Vidimce Josif, Viel Christian, Vieyra Adalberto, Vilks Karlis, Villena Josep A, Vincent Vinnyfred, Vinogradov Andrey D, Viscomi Carlo, Vitorino Rui Miguel Pinheiro, Vlachaki Walker Julia, Vogt Sebastian, Volani Chiara, Volska Kristine, Votion Dominique-Marie, Vujacic-Mirski Ksenija, Wagner Brett A, Ward Marie Louise, Warnsmann Verena, Wasserman David H, Watala Cezary, Wei Yau-Huei, Weinberger Klaus M, Weissig Volkmar, White Sarah Haverty, Whitfield Jamie, Wickert Anika, Wieckowski Mariusz R, Wiesner Rudolf J, Williams Caroline M, Winwood-Smith Hugh, Wohlgemuth Stephanie E, Wohlwend Martin, Wolff Jonci Nikolai, Wrutniak-Cabello Chantal, Wuest Rob CI, Yokota Takashi, Zablocki Krzysztof, Zanon Alessandra, Zanou Nadege, Zaugg Kathrin, Zaugg Michael, Zdrazilova Lucie, Zhang Yong, Zhang Yizhu, Zikova Alena, Zischka Hans, Zorzano Antonio, Zujovic Tijana, Zurmanova Jitka, Zvejniece Liga
|year=2020
|journal=Bioenerg Commun
|abstract=Version 1 ('''v1''') '''2020-05-20''' [https://wiki.oroboros.at/images/2/2a/BEC_2020.1_doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1.pdf doi:10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v1]
::: <small>Versions ('''v1''') 2020-05-20 - [https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php/File:BEC_2020.1_doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1.pdf#Links_to_all_versions »Link to all versions«]</small>

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery.
|editor=[[Gnaiger E]]
}}
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[[File:MitoPhysiology BEC 2020.1.jpg|left|66px|link=https://www.bioenergetics-communications.org/index.php/BEC_2020.1_doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1|Gnaiger Erich et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1]]
== Keywords—[[MitoPedia]] ==
:::: • [[Count |Cell count]] • [[Coupling-control ratio]] • [[Electron transfer pathway]] • [[Flow]] • [[Flux]] • [[Flux control ratio]] • [[IUPAC]] • [[LEAK respiration]] • [[Mitochondrial marker]] • [[Mitochondrial preparations]] • [[MitoPedia: Respiratory states |Respiratory states]] • [[Normalization of rate]] • [[Oxidative phosphorylation]] • [[Oxygen]] • [[Efficiency |Phosphorylation efficiency]] • [[Protonmotive force]] • [[Residual oxygen consumption]] • [[SI - The International System of Units]] • [[Uncoupling]]
<br>

{{Template:Keywords-MitoPedia BEC 2020.1}}

[[File:MitoPhysiology BEC 2020.1.jpg|left|66px|link=https://www.bioenergetics-communications.org/index.php/BEC_2020.1_doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1|Gnaiger Erich et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1]]
== Authors: MitoEAGLE Task Group ==
:::* '''Corresponding author''' 
:::::: [[Gnaiger E |Erich Gnaiger]]
:::::: Chair COST Action CA15203 MitoEAGLE
:::::: T +43 512 566796 15, F +43 512 566796 20
:::::: erich.gnaiger@i-med.ac.at | www.mitoeagle.org 
:::* '''Coauthors''' (listed in alphabetical order); number of coauthors: '''666'''
::::::* Affiliations: click on the hyperlinks (author names) to open the person pages with affiliations and addresses.
::::::* ''Many coauthors have made significant additions and suggestions for improvement of the manuscript. All coauthors confirm to have read the final manuscript, and to agree to implement or discuss the recommendations in future manuscripts, presentations and teaching materials.''
:::* '''Copyright''': © 2020 The Authors 
:::::: This is an [[Open Access]] [[Bioenergetics Communications |BEC article]] distributed under the terms of the [[Creative Commons Attribution License]], which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited. © remains with the authors, who have granted '''Bioenergetics Communications''' an Open Access publication licence in perpetuity.

[[File:MitoPhysiology BEC 2020.1.jpg|left|66px|link=https://www.bioenergetics-communications.org/index.php/BEC_2020.1_doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1|Gnaiger Erich et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1]]
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</div>
</div>
<br />
[[File:Overview Internal and external respiration.png|thumb|right|400px|'''Overview. Internal and external respiration.''' 
('''mt''') Mitochondrial catabolic respiration ''J''<sub>kO<sub>2</sub></sub> is the O<sub>2</sub> consumption in the oxidation of fuel substrates (electron donors) and reduction of O<sub>2</sub> catalysed by the electron transfer system ETS, which drives the protonmotive force ''pmF''. ''J''<sub>kO<sub>2</sub></sub> excludes mitochondrial residual oxygen consumption, mt-''Rox''.]]

[[File:MitoPhysiology BEC 2020.1.jpg|left|66px|link=https://www.bioenergetics-communications.org/index.php/BEC_2020.1_doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1|Gnaiger Erich et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1]]
== Discussion — updates — versions ==

=== On a Comment in ''Nature Metabolism'' ===
 [[Gnaiger Erich]] 2020-07-28

:::: One month ago one of our coauthors (Pablo M Garcia-Roves) sent me the reference to a ''Comment'' on metabolic terminology published on 2020-05-15 in ''Nature Metabolism''. The present Bioenergetics Communication is deeply concerned about terminology and communication of concepts. Control and regulation (Section 2.7) is profoundly covered in a contribution by coauthor David Fell (our ref [43]). My expertise in thermodynamics (as a former member of an IUPAC Steering Committee; see also ref [50]) motivated me to the statement: "''Thus mitochondria are elementary components of energy transformation. Energy is a conserved quantity and cannot be lost or produced in any internal process (First Law of Thermodynamics). Open and closed systems can gain or lose energy only by external fluxes—by exchange with the environment. Therefore, energy can neither be produced by mitochondria, nor is there any internal process without energy conservation'' (page 12, Section 2.4.1. Coupling). 

:::: In the ''Nature Metabolism'' Comment, some statements on control and regulation are followed by: "''More striking are the frequently made statements that mitochondria ‘create’ or ‘produce’ energy, which are fundamentally incorrect, given that energy can neither be created or destroyed (according to the first law of thermodynamics)''" (Nature Metabolism 2, June 2020, p 476). The two authors of this Comment are not known for covering thermodynamics in their publication record, although this is not really needed for such a general statement. What is more interesting are the following coincidences, which cannot be interpreted due to lack of a statistically relevant sample of observations.
::::# One of the 'Comment'-authors joined as a coauthor of the MitoEAGLE manuscript 'States and rates' after Version 2018-10-17(44), which included already our comment on energy conservation.
::::# The preprint Version 6 (Gnaiger E, Aasander Frostner E, Abdul Karim N, Abdel-Rahman EA, Abumrad NA, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Adiele RC, et al (2019) Mitochondrial respiratory states and rates. MitoFit Preprint Arch doi:10.26124/mitofit:190001.v6) was the basis of manuscript submission to ''Nature Metabolism'' already last year.
::::# The preprint was not cited by the 'Comment'-authors, despite quite obvious overlap of concerns on terminology. If one of our coauthors claims, that she was not aware of the contents in the preprint 'States and rates' (now the present BEC 'Mitochondrial physiology'), this should be an issue of questioning coauthorship in the BEC paper.
::::# Is there any reason to be concerned about fair citation in such a broad context of the First Law of Thermodynamics? This is my question, and I am open for professional answers (considering [[Gentle Science]] and mentoring early career investigators). For some further priming, the following points are added.
::::# It remains unclear to me, why our original wording "''energy can neither be produced by mitochondria, nor is there any internal process without energy conservation''" was changed in the 'Comment' to the suggestion that there are "''frequently made statements that mitochondria ‘create’ or ‘produce’ energy''". According to my knowledge of the literature, 'mitochondria create energy' is not a frequently made statement. With close to 370000 publications listed in PubMed on the search term 'mitochondr*' (see [[Publication efficiency]]), however, I cannot be sure. I doubt it, but this questionable statement on 'creation of energy' is a matter of proof to be made by the 'Comment'-authors. The only rare example I can come up with is the phrase 'using oxygen to create energy' in a journalist's 'educational' www.nature.com website (https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/mitochondria-14053590/). Skip the 'create' with its rather Godly connotation, and the original "''energy can neither be produced''" phrase is actually relevant (I try to keep religious and pseudoscientific terminology out of my scientific writing).
::::# "How Mitochondria Produce Energy" is a marvellous video full of art (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39HTpUG1MwQ), and "Mitochondria and energy production" is another enjoyable video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOB_M7a9iZ0). A sloppy use of the term 'energy production' is very common in the scientific literature, as is the term 'generation of energy' (but luckily not 'creation'!). Some discussions on the use or abuse of these terms make a rather helpless impression (https://www.researchgate.net/post/Isnt_it_wrong_to_say_that_mitochondria_generate_or_produce_energy).
::::# Reference to internal energy ''transformation'' (First Law of Thermodynamics) versus external energy ''transfer'' in open systems (exchange with the environment) provides the necessary conceptual framework for clarification. This was not really understood by at least one of our coauthors, and neither by the involved reviewers and editors of ''Nature Metabolism''.
::::# "We hope that this Comment will stimulate further discussion" — is the comment in the ''Nature Metabolism'' Comment. My comment: The discussion could have and should have been made openly before the ''Nature Metabolism'' Comment publication — but too many scientists just 'create' publications, without taking the time for quality discussions.
:::: '''Reference''': Harper Mary-Ellen, Patti Mary-Elizabeth (2020) Metabolic terminology: what’s in a name? Nat Metab 2:476-7.

[[File:SI-units.png|right|120px]]
=== SI units ===
:::: One year ago, on [https://www.euramet.org/publications-media-centre/news/?tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=787&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News World Metrology Day] (2019-May-20) the redefinition of the SI units came into force. Science faced one of the largest overhauls in history of scientific units. How to commemorate this event of groundbreaking innovation better than with the online publication of '''Mitochondrial physiology''' and with the launch of an innovative journal — '''[[Bioenergetics Communications]]'''.

=== Versions from MitoFit preprint to BEC reprint ===
::::»[https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php/File:BEC_2020.1_doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1.pdf Versions]
[[Image:MitoFit Preprints.png|left|80px|link=MitoFit Preprints]]
:::: This BEC article was communicated as a preprint in '''[[MitoFit Preprints]]'''
::::» Gnaiger E, Aasander Frostner E, Abdul Karim N, Abumrad NA, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Adiele RC, et al (2019) Mitochondrial respiratory states and rates. MitoFit Preprint Arch doi:10.26124/mitofit:190001.v4. - [[Gnaiger 2019 MitoFit Preprints| »Bioblast link«]]

=== Post-publication peer review ===
:::: This BEC ''Consortium communication'' has been rigorously reviewed from pre-print to re-print. Contribute to the discussion to improve the next version of this [[Living Communications |Living Communication]], and upgrade from a reviewer to a coauthor. 
::::» [[Talk:BEC2020.1 doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1 |Discussion BEC2020.1]]
::::* Please send your comments, full institutional address and preferentially your ORCID iD to the corresponding author.

{{MitoPedia topics
|mitopedia topic=BEC
}}

== Cited by ==
{{Template:Cited by Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways}}
{{Template:Cited by Gnaiger 2020 MitoFit SI-canonical}}
{{Template:Cited by Cardoso 2021 MitoFit MgG}}
{{Template:Cited by Went 2021 MitoFit Prep PB}}
{{Template:Cited by Huete-Ortega M 2021 MitoFit Dark respiration}}

::: '''Preprint cited by'''
{{Template:Cited by Gnaiger 2019 MitoFit Preprints}}

{{Labeling
|area=Respiration, mt-Awareness
|preparations=Permeabilized cells, Permeabilized tissue, Homogenate, Isolated mitochondria
|enzymes=Marker enzyme
|topics=Coupling efficiency;uncoupling, Flux control, mt-Membrane potential, Uncoupler
|couplingstates=LEAK, OXPHOS, ET
|pathways=F, N, S, Gp, DQ, CIV, NS, Other combinations, ROX
|additional=Adenine nucleotides, ADP, Alternative oxidase, Amount of substance, AMP, ATP, ATP yield, Body mass, Cell respiration, Cell viability, Charge number, Complex I, Complex II, Complex III, Complex IV, Concentration, Count, Coupling-control ratio, Coupling-control state, Cell viability, Density, Dimension, Electron transfer pathway, Entity, Ergodynamic efficiency, ET capacity, Flow, Flux, Flux control ratio, Format, Hyphenation, IUPAC, International System of Units, Isolated mitochondria, LEAK respiration, Living cells, Mass, MITOCARTA, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial inner membrane, Mitochondrial outer membrane, Mitochondrial marker, Mitochondrial preparations, Mitochondrial recovery, Mitochondrial yield, MitoPedia, MitoPedia: Respiratory states, Molar mass, Normalization of rate, Organism, Oxidative phosphorylation, OXPHOS capacity, Oxygen concentration, Oxygen solubility, Oxygen flux, Pathway control state, Permeability transition, Permeabilized cells, Permeabilized muscle fibers, Permeabilized tissue, Phosphate, Phosphate carrier, Protonmotive force, Publication efficiency, Residual oxygen consumption, Respiratory complexes, Respiration, Respirometry, Sample, Steady state, Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration, Supercomplex, System, Tissue homogenate, Uncoupler titrations, Volume, 
BEC, BEC2020, MitoFitPublication, MitoEAGLEPublication, MitoFit 2020.4, BEC 2020.2, X-mass Carol, MitoFit 2021 MgG, MitoFit 2021.5 PB, MitoFit 2021 Dark respiration
}}