Donnelly 2022 MitoFit Hypoxia
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| MitoEAGLE Hypoxia Task Group (2022) The ABC of hypoxia – what is the norm?. MitoFit Preprints in prep. |
MitoEAGLE Hypoxia Task Group (2022) MitoFit Preprints
Abstract: The terminology on ‘oxia’ ― from normoxia to hypoxia and anoxia in contrast to hyperoxia ― has a long history (Richalet 2021). But ambiguities persist. These are discussed in the present communication with the aim to clarify concepts, bridge the gap between different points of view, and thus facilitate future research to resolve current controversies and discrepancies. The ABC of hypoxia spans the notion of (1) hyperoxic, normoxic, and hypoxic to anoxic conditions in the atmosphere and hydrosphere to the intracellular microenvironment, (2) physiological responses to oxygen availability in geological time and biological evolution, and (3) comparative and exercise physiology in health to hypoxia and oxygenation in disease (Lane 2002). Wherever continuous oxygen gradients and discontinuous differences between compartments exist, ambient normoxia is distinguished from normoxia in biological compartments partitioned into organs, tissues, cells, and intracellular microenvironments along the respiratory cascade (Weibel 2000). Normoxia is not a norm but a reference condition for critical functions, particularly for aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism, and for oxygen sensing and hypoxic signaling in different organisms and tissues (Clanton et al 2013). Long-term evolutionary adaptation and short-term physiological, biochemical, and molecular acclimation and acclimatization re-set the functional normoxic reference points (Hochachka, Somero 2002).
The absolute normoxic reference point is based on a meaningful but arbitrary definition which unifies the ABC concepts of normoxia: (A) ambient normoxia at sea level in the contemporary atmosphere and at air saturation of aqueous environments, (B) biological compartmental O2 levels at ambient normoxia under physiological routine performance of healthy organisms in the absence of environmental stress (e.g. extreme temperatures), and (C) critical functions maintained relative to ambient normoxia and evaluated by measurement of the response to changed oxygen conditions and oxygen kinetics (Gnaiger et al 2000). Conversely, the ABC of hypoxia and hyperoxia is concerned with deviations from these reference points in conditions of (a) ambient changes of oxygen levels, (b) transient increases of biological O2 demand exceeding oxygen supply and pathological limitations of O2 transport, or (c) the critical oxygen pressure and oxygen kinetics shifted by pathological effects and environmental stress.
• Bioblast editor: Gnaiger E
Labels: MiParea: Respiration, Comparative MiP;environmental MiP, Exercise physiology;nutrition;life style
Stress:Oxidative stress;RONS, Hypoxia
Regulation: Aerobic glycolysis, Flux control, Temperature
Coupling state: ROUTINE
Tissue normoxia
Living Communication
Last update 2022-01-04
Open list of contributors
- Luiza Cardoso1, Cristiane Cecatto1, Chris Donnelly1,2, Erich Gnaiger1, Bengt Kayser2, Timea Komlódi1, Nicolas Place2, Sabine Schmitt1
- 1 Oroboros Instruments, Innsbruck, Austria
- 2 Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Coordination: [email protected] and [email protected]
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